Delphi Digital study: Institutions reserving Ethereum blockspace face up to 4-minute wait if operators hold 5% of proposer weight

A Delphi Digital case study models that institutions restricting Ethereum transactions to approved block producers face an average four-minute wait for an eligible slot if those operators control 5% of the network's proposer-selection weight. With 40% qualified weight, the expected wait drops to about 30 seconds and the one-minute probability of finding an eligible proposer rises to 92%. The model applies to services like ETHGas, which reserves blockspace through operators meeting specific customer requirements, and notes that availability depends on active stake meeting institutional criteria rather than total validator account counts.